反间防谍，针对谁？

Counterespionage Efforts: Targeting Whom?

  2023年7月1日，新修订的《中华人民共和国反间谍法》公布施行，为新形势下防范打击各种间谍活动、维护国家安全提供了有力法律武器，为以新安全格局保障新发展格局、以高水平安全保障高质量发展筑牢了法治基石。以立法形式维护国家安全，是世界各国的通行做法。《反间谍法》修订实施近2年来，受到境内境外广泛关注和普遍支持，但也受到了别有用心的人刻意误读和污蔑抹黑，有必要进一步释疑增信、以正视听。

  On July 1, 2023, the newly revised Counterespionage Law of the People's Republic of China was promulgated and came into effect. This law provides not only a robust legal instrument for preventing and punishing espionage activities of all kinds, safeguarding national security in present times. It also offers a sound and solid legal foundation for fostering a new pattern of development with a new security architecture and ensuring high-quality development with high-level security. It is common practice for all countries to safeguard their national security through legislation. In almost two years of its revision and implementation, Counterespionage Law has gained widespread attention and broad support both domestically and internationally. Nevertheless, it has also been deliberately misinterpreted and maliciously smeared by those with ulterior motives, hence the necessity to clarify doubts, reinforce trust, and set the record straight.

  ——反间防谍针对的是危害我国国家安全的间谍行为。防范、制止和惩治间谍行为，维护国家安全，保护人民利益，是《反间谍法》的立法目的。科学界定间谍行为范围，及时纳入法律管制范畴，是实现依法打击的基本前提。新修订《反间谍法》立足“保护合法、打击非法”，通过进一步清晰界定间谍行为的内涵外延，更加准确划定了合法与非法的行为边界，既有利于保护和促进正常对外交流合作，又有利于依法惩治间谍违法犯罪行为，实现促发展和保安全的良性互动。比如，《反间谍法》第四条规定了六类间谍行为，每一类均有明确的条件和清晰的界定，极大避免了反间防谍工作中的随意性，增强了法律适用的确定性，在精准打击间谍行为的同时，使企业和个人在合法行为范围内自由开展社会活动，为维护正常的社会秩序提供了法律保障。

  ——Counterespionage efforts target espionage activities that endanger China's national security.The legislative purpose of Counterespionage Law is to prevent, stop, and punish espionage acts, thereby safeguarding national security and protecting general interests of the people overall. Under such law, the scope of espionage activities is scientifically defined,and provides sound foundational legal insurance as fundamental prerequisites for effective lawful enforcements. Grounded in the principle of “protecting legality while combating illegality”, the revised law clarifies both definition and boundaries of espionage activities thereby more precisely delineating the difference between lawful and unlawful conduct. This approach not only facilitates and promotes healthy international exchanges and cooperations but also strengthens the lawful punishment of espionage crimes, achieving a positive interplay between development and security. For example, Article 4 of Counterespionage Law defines six categories of espionage acts, each with clear criteria and well-defined parameters. This significantly reduces arbitrariness in counterespionage operations, enhances legal certainty in enforcement outcome, and ensures that businesses and individuals can freely engage in social activities within the bounds of the law, thereby providing legal safeguards for maintaining social orders.